Introduction
前言
John really wants to impress Jane. He has chosen Fabio’s Ristorante, a new Italian restaurant in a nice part of town. Unfortunately, John does not know a lot about Italian food. He decides to call the restaurant ahead and ask for the definition of pasta and types of steak, as well as how they are cooked. He really wants to impress Jane。
John非常想得到Jane的欢心。他特别挑选了城中的热点地方，意大利餐新贵Fabio’s Ristorante。可惜，John不太了解意大利菜，所以他决定先致电那个餐厅询问意大利粉及牛排的分类和煮法。他真的想给Jane留个好印象。
Pasta
意大利粉
These are the notes that John has taken:
以下John作的笔记：
Pasta is a wheat-based carbohydrate that is usually made with flour, eggs and water. It is made into different shapes for different purposes, and forms the basis of most Italian dishes. Fabio told John about the basic types of pasta:
意大利粉是一种以小麦为主的碳水化合物，常以面粉、鸡蛋及水制成，依不同煮食用途制成不同形状，亦而形成意大利菜的基本食材。Fabio告诉John意大利粉的基本种类。
Conchiglie: Shell-shaped pasta. 贝壳形意大利粉
Fettucine: Long strips of pasta that are about one centimetre wide。
大概1厘米宽的长形意大利粉
Lasagna: Long strips of pasta that are around ten centimetres wide, used in al forno (baked in the oven ) dishes like lasagne。
大概10厘米宽的长条行意大利粉， 用於在al forno (在 炉 制)的菜式，如宽条面( lasagne )。
Linguine: Long strips of pasta that are about half a centimetre wide。
大概0.5厘米宽的长条形意大利粉
Macaroni: Tubes of pasta that are bent, like an elbow。
扭如手肘般弯曲的管状意大利粉
Manicotti: Short tubes of pasta, cut at an angle。
斜切的短管状意大利粉
Spaghetti: Long thin pieces of pasta, like portions of string。
细长的意大利粉，如细绳的一部分。
Vermicelli: Spaghetti that is half as thick, usually serves in bundles。
比Spaghetti细一半的意大利粉，常是一捆捆的。
There are many more variations, but restaurants seldom serve more than what John has written down。
意大利粉的种类多不胜数，但是大部分的餐厅有的种类都不会多过John笔记提到的。
Types of Steaks
牛排的种类
There are different cuts of steak that offer different things – for example, a T-bone steak offers both fillet and sirloin. Fillet is very tender and lean, but sirloin is very juicy and flavourful. The texture of the meat is different in different cuts of meat, which is why people have preferences. The fat content also affects people’s choices。
牛排的不同切法提供不同的滋味 —— 例如， T字骨嫩牛排可以是去骨切片(牛柳)或者牛脊肉(西冷)。牛柳又嫩又精瘦，但西冷则是多汁而且味道丰富。肉质会因牛的部分而不同，故此牛扒种类喜好因人而异。牛排的脂肪比例也会影响人们的选择。
Rump steak: steak cut from the rump or hindquarters。
臀肉牛排：由臀部或后腿及臀部切出的牛排
Scotch fillet/boneless rib-eye/rib fillet: the rib eye or ribeye, also known as the Scotch fillet, is a beef steak from the rib section
牛柳/无骨肉眼/肋骨肉片：rib eye 或 ribeye (肉眼)亦称为Scotch fillet牛柳，是由肋部分来的牛排
Sirloin/Porterhouse/New York steak: the portion of the loin (especially of beef) just in front of the rump
牛脊肉(西冷)/ 上等腰肉牛排/纽约客牛排：牛腰部在臀部前面的部分。
T-bone/porterhouse steak: This consists of a T-shaped bone with meat on each side. The larger side is sirloin, whereas the smaller side contains the tenderloin or fillet。
T字骨嫩牛排/上等腰肉牛排：以两边带肉的T字形骨组成。比较大的部分是牛脊肉(西冷)，而比较小的部分是里脊肉或牛柳。
Fillet steak: a boneless steak cut from the tenderloin of beef。
牛柳：由牛里脊肉切出来的去骨牛排。
Oyster blade/flat iron:This cut of steak is from the shoulder。
牛颈脊/牛肩膀牛排：由牛肩膀切出来的牛排。
The way in which steak is served also has an impact on the flavour of the meat. Generally, the better quality the meat is, the less it should be cooked. Fabio tells John that there are six ways of having your steak。
牛排的煮熟程度会影响肉的味道。一般来说。越好的牛肉，越不需要煮熟。Fabio告诉John有6种不同的煮熟程度。
Extra-rare or Blue: the centre of the steak is cold and very red。
牛排中心还是冷的，而且很红。
Rare: the centre of the steak is slightly cold and still quite red, the whole steak is soft。
牛排中心有少许冷，并相当红，整份牛排都很软。
Medium rare: the centre is warm and red, the steak is a little firmer。
三成熟：牛排中心还是暖而红的，牛排比rare稍结实一点。
Medium: the steak is pink and firm。
五成熟：牛排是粉红而且结实。
Medium well: the steak still has a small amount of pink in the centre。
七成熟：牛排中心还有少部分粉红。
Well done: the steak is grey-brown throughout, firm and quite tough。
全熟：牛排呈深咖啡色、结实而口感略为粗糙。
Fabio tells John about the different types of sauce that they serve their steaks with. Their steaks are not cooked in sauce, but the sauce is served on the side instead。
Fabio告诉John关于配牛排的不同酱汁。酱汁不会用来烹饪牛排，但会随牛排一起上菜。
Béarnaise sauce: a sauce like hollandaise but made with white wine and tarragon and shallots instead of lemon juice
一种像hollandaise但用白葡萄酒，龙蒿和青葱代替柠檬汁制成的酱汁。
Brown sauce: A sauce made from butter and flour browned together, with beef stock added。
由牛油及面粉加上牛肉汤底制成的酱汁
Garlic sauce: a creamy sauce flavoured with garlic。
大蒜味奶油酱汁
Hollandaise sauce: A rich creamy sauce made of butter, egg yolks, and lemon juice or vinegar。
以牛油、蛋黄和柠檬汁或醋制成的厚身奶油酱汁
Mustard: sauce of prepared mustard thinned with vinegar and vegetable oil, usually with sugar and seasonings added。
以已经准备的芥末酱，用醋及植物油稀释，通常添加糖和调味料制成的酱汁。
Pepper sauce: brown sauce with sautéed vegetables and trimmings and marinade and plenty of pepper
以炒蔬菜及配料卤汁及大量胡椒制成的红酱汁
Red Wine Sauce: a sauce made with red wine and garlic, sometimes with flour added to make it thick。
一种以红酒和大蒜制成的酱汁，用时加入面粉使酱汁较浓稠。
Diners can choose whichever sauce they prefer – there is no etiquette as to which sauce to order with which steak。
酱汁选择丰俭由人——没有特定搭配牛排酱汁的规定。
Basic Tab le Etiquette
基本餐桌礼仪
John could now relax as he felt he would be able to impress Jane when they were out. On leaving the restaurant, he noticed how the tables were set and decided to brush up on his table etiquette。
John现在可以松一口气，因为他觉得可以在约会中令Jane刮目相看。在离开餐厅前，他留意到餐具的摆放方法，就想到要改善他的餐桌礼仪。
Place the napkin on your lap as soon as you begin eating. Your waiter might want to do this for you。
在你开始进餐前，放餐巾在你的大腿上。侍应生可能也会帮你放餐巾。
2. The small plate to your left is your bread plate. Upon it is a butter knife. Restaurants usually serve some bread and butter, or bread sticks and dip, while you are waiting for the starter to arrive. The waiter will take this plate away once you are finished with it。
在你左边的小碟是你的面包碟。在碟上是牛油刀。餐厅通常在你等待前菜的时候，都会提供一些牛油和面包，或者面包条及调味汁。侍应生会在你吃完后拿走此碟。
3. No matter how many sets of cutlery are alongside your plate, begin at the outside and work your way towards your plate。
无论你碟旁有多少餐具，由外至内依次使用。
4. A dessert spoon is oval, and a soup spoon is rounded. Therefore, the round spoon to your right is for your soup, and the oval spoon at the top of your plate is for your dessert。
甜品匙是椭圆的，而汤匙则是圆形的。故在你右手边的圆形匙是汤匙，而在你碟上方的椭圆匙是你的甜品匙。
5. Usually, any cutlery (knives, forks, spoons ) above your plate is for your dessert。
一般情况下，在你碟上方的所有餐具 ( 刀、叉、匙 ) 都是为甜品而设的。
6. A fish fork has shorter tines than a normal fork, and a fish knife is not serrated. It is more like a butter spreader, but with a sharper point。
鱼叉比一般叉的尖齿短，而鱼叉没有锯齿的，比较像牛油刀，但是有尖峰。
7. When you order steak, the waiter will usually bring a steak knife for you. When you order pasta, a spoon is provided. When eating the pasta, twirl some pasta onto your fork and create a neat bundle by twirling your forkful of pasta against the spoon。
当你点牛排时，侍应生一般都会给你一把牛排刀。如果你点意大利粉时，你会有一只汤匙。当你吃意大利粉时，用你的叉卷上一些意粉，并用汤匙托着来盛起一口大小的意粉束。
8. The larger wine glass is for red wine, and the smaller one is for white wine. Sometimes, a white wine glass is used to serve water. Separate glasses are provided if you order water, juice or cold drinks。
大的酒杯是红酒杯，杯身较小的是白酒杯，有时，白酒杯也用来盛水的。如果点水、果汁或其他冷饮，餐厅会提供另外的杯子。
9. If you have ordered a table salad, your waiter will place another small plate to your left. Dish some salad onto this plate for yourself。
如果你点了餐桌沙津，你的侍应生会放另一个碟在你的左边。你可以拿一点沙律到你的碟上来吃。
10. When are you are finished eating, place your cutlery parallel and close together. This signals to the waiter that he can take your plate away。
当你吃完时，把你的餐具平行放在一起，这样侍应生就知道了，他们可以拿走你的碟子了。
John also planned to watch his manners. This meant that:
John亦会留意他的仪态。这意味着：
·He would not burp or pass gas at the table. If he needed to do these things, he would excuse himself to the bathroom and do it in private。
他不应在餐桌上打嗝或放屁。如果他不能忍，他应自己到洗手间或其他地方私下处理。
·He would not wave or click his fingers at the waiter. Generally, just catching their eye is enough. In most restaurants, one waiter will serve you, but if you cannot see him and catch a different waiter’s eye, that is fine too。
他也不应向侍应生挥手或打响指。一般来说，只要跟他眼神接触即可。在大部分的餐厅，只有一个指定的侍应生服务你，但如果你看不到他，也可以向其他侍应生用眼神示意。
·Even if he did not plan on ordering any of the specials, John would not interrupt the waiter when he was telling the table about them. It is more polite to wait for the waiter to finish and then to thank him. It is part of his job to tell you about these。
就算他没有打算点特别菜式，John也不会在侍应生介绍“特别推荐”时打断他。等到侍应生讲完然后再多谢他，这样更有礼貌。向你介绍推介菜式是他的职责。
The Dinner
晚餐对话
Waiter: Good evening sir, good evening ma’am. Is this the wine you ordered?
侍应生：先生、女士，晚上好，这是你点的酒吗？
John: Yes, thank you。
John: 对的，谢谢你！
Waiter: Would you like a taste, sir?
侍应生：先生，你要试试酒吗？
John: Yes, please。
John: 好的，谢谢。
Waiter pours a small amount into John’s glass. John swirls the wine, smells it and takes two slow sips。
侍应生倒了少量酒到John的杯中，John转一转杯子，闻了一下，然后饮一口酒。
John: Perfect, thank you. (If the wine has turned or is corked, you are allowed to send it back. If you just don’t like the taste, remember not to order that one next time. )
John: 很好，谢谢你。(如果酒变酸了或被人事先开瓶了，你有权退回。如果你只是不喜欢其味道，你只可以记住下次不要点同样的酒。)
Waiter pours for both Jane and John。
侍应生给Jane和John倒酒。
Jane: Thank you。
John: 谢谢你！
Waiter: May I take your order?
侍应生：你现在要点菜吗？
John: Yes, please. ( Notice how John allows Jane to order first )
John: 好的，谢谢。(留意John如何先让Jane点菜)
Jane: Could I please have an Italian salad to start, and the tomato and chicken penne for a main。
Jane: 我先要一个意大利沙律，主菜要蕃茄鸡肉长通粉。
Waiter: Certainly, Madame。
侍应生：当然可以，女士。
John: I would like the butternut soup to start, and the rump Béarnaise for my main。
John: 我想要油桃果南瓜汤作前菜，而Béarnaise牛臀肉作主菜。
Waiter: How would you like that done sir?
侍应生： 先生，你的牛排要几分熟的？
John: Medium rare, please。
John: 3成熟，谢谢。
Waiter: Chips, rice or baked potato?
侍应生： 配薯条、米饭还是焗薯呢？
John: Chips, please。
John: 薯条。
Waiter: Grilled vegetables or a salad, sir?
侍应生： 要蔬菜还是沙律呢，先生？
John: Salad, please。
John: 沙律。
Waiter: Excellent, so that’s one Italian salad, one butternut soup, the tomato and chicken penne and a medium rare rump Béarnaise with chips and a salad。
侍应生： 非常好，那么是一个意大利沙律，一个油桃果南瓜汤，蕃茄和鸡肉长通粉，一份三成熟的Béarnaise牛臀肉，配薯条及沙律。
Jane: Perfect, thank you very much. Just one more thing – I noticed that my fork is dirty. Could I please have another?
Jane: 太好啦，非常感谢你。只是有一个小问题——我留意到我的叉子脏了。我可以要另一个吗？
Waiter: Certainly, Ma’am. I’m so sorry about that。
侍应生： 当然可以，女士。对不起啊。
Jane: Not at all. Also, could I have my salad dressing on the side, please?
Jane: 不要紧。还有，请问我沙律的酱汁可以放在沙律旁边吗？
Waiter: Of course, ma’am。
侍应生：当然可以，女士。
After they had enjoyed their starter, John and Jane received their main courses. However, John’s steak was very overdone. When the waiter came to make sure that everything was fine, this is what happened:
他们进食完前菜后，John及Jane迎来他们的主菜。但是John的牛排太熟了。当侍应生来到问候他们的时，对话为：
John: I ordered this steak medium rare and it is well done. Could I please have one that is medium rare?
John: 我点了三成熟的牛排，但这牛排已全熟了，我可以要一份三成熟的牛排吗？
Waiter: Certainly sir, my mistake. It will just take a moment。
侍应生： 当然可以，先生。是我的错，很快就好啦。
John: Thank you。
John: 谢谢你。
John’s steak was brought back and this time it was perfect. Everything on his plate was hot and sizzling, and he found the entire meal to be so wonderful that the waiter’s prior mistake was immediately forgotten. When the waiter returned to take their plates and their dessert orders, this is what happened:
John的牛排端回来了，这次煮得刚刚好。他碟上的所有东西热腾腾香喷喷，他觉得整个晚餐都很乐而忘返，连刚才侍应生的小过失都忘记了。当侍应生生回来拿走他们的碟子及帮他们点甜品时，对话如下：
Waiter: Was everything to your satisfaction?
侍应生： 所有食物都满意吗？
Jane: Oh yes, it was delicious, thank you。
Jane: 满意，都很美味，谢谢你！
John: Yes, would you please send our compliments to the chef? The Béarnaise sauce was some of the best I’ve ever eaten。
John: 满意，可以帮我赞美主厨吗？Béarnaise酱是我平生吃过最好味的。
Waiter: My pleasure, sir. I’m sure the chef will be very pleased to hear that. Would you like to order dessert?
侍应生： 不客气，先生。主厨听到一定会很高兴的。你想点一些甜品吗？
Jane: I’ll just have a coffee, please。
Jane: 我只要咖啡就好了，谢谢！
John: I’ll have the ice-cream and chocolate sauce, please。
John: 我想要朱古力酱加雪糕，谢谢你。
Waiter: Right away。
侍应生： 马上来。
John and Jane have enjoyed their meal very much, and have managed to chat about their interests during the meal. It has been a lovely evening. When the waiter comes to clear away the dessert plates, this is what happens:
John及Jane非常享受他们的晚餐，也能在席间谈论他们的兴趣。这是一个美好的夜晚。当侍应生过来拿走甜点碟时，对话如下：
John: May we have the bill, please?
John: 请结账，谢谢。
Waiter: Here you are, sir。
侍应生： 先生，这是你的账单，请过目。
John looks at the total amount. Usually, waiters are tipped between 10% and 15% of the total, depending on the quality of their service. John decides to tip 13% because the waiter was very helpful but made a mistake with John’s main. John writes the amount that he is tipping the waiter beneath the cost of the meal, and totals the two amounts below that. He hands the waiter his credit card, signs the slip, and he and Jane take a walk around the neighbourhood。
John看看账单的总数。通常客人都会给侍应生账单总数10% 及15%的小费，视乎他们的服务质量。John决定要给13%因为侍应生很乐于助人但又弄错了John的主菜。John在账单总数下写消费数目，而在其下面再写总数。他给侍应生其信用卡，签好单，然后再带Jane在附近散步。
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